Wow.
I looked through the rules:
http://www.usatf.org/Resources-for---/Elite/Resources.aspx
rulebook:
http://www.usatf.org/usatf/files/f1/f101f17f-1b8b-4f1b-ac9c-d9022155aa94.pdf
..
1. You have 30 minutes to file a protest, and it must be in writing (because it's a national championship).
2. "If possible, the Games Committee or the Referee shall decide protests at once. If the nature of the protest or the necessity of obtaining testimony or evidence prevents an immediate decision, the competitor shall be allowed to compete under protest, and the protest shall be decided by the Games Committee within one week".
3. The referee who decides the protest must inform the competition secretary (whoeever that is) of the time of the decision. The amended results are then announced. From the time of this announcement, you have 30 minutes to submit an appeal in writing.
4. The jury of appeal must uphold the decision of the referee unless the decision is found to be "clearly erroneous". Full text:
The Jury of Appeal shall, as its sole function in matters resulting from a Referee
decision, determine if the decision of the Referee or the Chief Race Walking Judge is
based upon adequate evidence and within the scope of the authority given to such
person. If such determination is in doubt, the Jury of Appeal shall consult with all
relevant persons and may consider other available evidence, including any available
video evidence. The decision of the Referee or the Chief Race Walking Judge shall be
upheld unless shown to be clearly erroneous.