I don't know how any given person will benefit or suffer from minimalist running. But there is a prevalent assumption that cushioning in a shoe is good, or at least not as bad as a simple 4mm rubber sole. This assumption is proven wrong by Hooke's Law, a mechanical principle in physics.
The force on an object (in this instance, the force on the foot, ankle, and leg) is related to the spring constant of the material (the rubber sole) and how much the rubber is compressed with each foot strike.
F=-kx
k=spring constant
x=compression
The k is negative because it is acting opposite in direction to the force being applied. Simply put, if you push down on a rubber sole it rebounds back upward with a force multiplied by the spring constant and compression. The rubber multiplies the force of impact; it doesn't reduce it at all.
This is the reason why car bumpers are not made of rubber, because if they were the force of, say, a 30mph impact would be multiplied by the spring constant of the rubber. Instead, cars have "crumple zones", which collapse over time, spreading out the impact and not rebounding like rubber would, reducing shock on the driver. This happens when forefoot and mid-foot striking, the foot, ankle and leg gradually absorbing the impact over time, except after every step, when weight is taken off, the foot returns to its uncompressed state.
This is not anecdotal or opinion or propaganda; this is empirical and verifiable fact. Shoe companies may claim to do many things, but they cannot counteract the laws of nature.