You can determine this by experiment pretty quickly.
Do a hard workout at a pace relevant to your event. Run easy each day afterwards and do whatever else benefits recovery - stretch, mobility, strides, whatever . Note the first day when you feel springy and full of energy. Say it's 3 days later...if so, you have supercompensated and are fitter than you were before.
MAYBE an absolute killer workout ten days before, followed by a week of easing up, will work well. But maybe you'd do equally well or better with three 'normally hard' workouts (e.g. Wed-Sat-Wed for a Saturday race). Or with a race at a similar distance a week before.
The important things is that each time you do a quality session (or race) in the last few weeks, you let your body fully recover and adapt before the next one. You are not (at this stage) trying to get used to more volume in a week, unless you are training to do 3 races in 4 days or some such. And you don't want to have multiple overlapping kinds of fatigue all complicating the picture.
Personally, I'm getting old and need 2-3 easy days between hard workouts. My last session before a race will probably be 'under distance and faster', 3 days before. But I wouldn't hold back on that last session - I'd be trying to get fitter from it.