I have been diagnosed with Hallux Rigidus 3 or 4. I'm 54 years old and I only run a 40 min. 10K.
In my case the problem is much more acute on one foot.
I've tried orthotics, because I'm terrified that surgery will spell the end of running.
I found that I've had to work very closely with my podiatrist to develop an orthotic that mostly (not completely - 95%) alleviates my symptoms. I found the following helped a lot:
1. A Morton Extension.
2. Building up the arch support with a pad just behind the first metatarsal head, so the foot "pre-loads" on the pad. I find this prevents the swollen metatarsal head from hitting the ground with a lot of force.
3. I also had the podiatrist add a little thin pad between the first and second metatarsal head, to prevent the head from rubbing against the adjacent bone.
4. Since my problem was on one foot, I had a little padding placed behind the first metatarsal on the opposing foot, to prevent my gate from being lopsided.
5. I also added a soft insole below the orthotic, to give my foot extra cushioning.
All this crap cost me a minute on my 10K time, but I'm just glad to be running.
I find Hallux Rigidus produces a vicious cycle, where the metatarsal head swells like a mushroom, causing the bone to bang on the ground and rub against the adjacent head. By preventing these things from happening, I think we've stopped or perhaps slowed the progress of the disease.
For now, I'm running and walking with virtually no pain and I am sensing the swelling is beginning to diminish somewhat (BTW - walking was more difficult for me than running).
I hope this helps. I wish I had encountered this group sooner!