In the fitness arena, it is common to treat "cardiovascular" as a synonym for "aerobic"; that is, any activity which relies primarily on the aerobic energy pathway (steady-state activity) is said to be "cardiovascular" exercise. Why? Is there any evidence that steady-state activity improves the function of the cardiovascular system? Is there any tool in the field of exercise physiology that can effectively isolate and test the performance of the cardiovascular system and distinguish changes in the from peripheral adaptations? How do we know that an improvement in endurance performance is the result of improved "cardiovascular" fitness as opposed to an improvement in the ability of the skeletal muscle cells to utilize oxygen? Can anyone post a study demonstrating this? Keep in mind that I'm talking about the PERFORMANCE of the cardiovascular system DURING EXERCISE, not anything having to do with coronary artery disease, which is a completely different issue.