rekrunner wrote:
Don't be so desperate to convince me -- we've already been through this, and it seems to me the ones who were not convinced were the non-African athletes during the EPO-era. They either did not believe, or perhaps falsely believed to their detriment, in the power of EPO to improve their level beyond that of their predecessors.
All of the evidence you list supports a competing, yet unstudied, theory that EPO can bring you more quickly to natural performances, but cannot produce unnatural performances. This would explain why it works so well in short duration studies on amateurs well within their personal ability, and also the lack of elite running anecdotes, and even opposite findings, like the recently announced Dutch study that EPO didn't work on cyclists in a time trial climbing the Mont Ventoux.
When we look at elite athletes, when we look at males, when we look at distance running, we find a group that is largely un-studied. When we look at this group, breaking into sub-groups by ethnicity, when we look at the progression during the EPO-era, specifically looking for evidence of the impact on elite performances, of a new doping substance that promises extra-ordinary performances for every group for every sport, we find a lot of sub-groups, from rich nations, able to afford doping, and afford hiding it, with a rather un-ordinary progression spanning more than two decades of the EPO-era, from a drug that was largely undetectable. We find, that EPO, either taken alone, or in combination with drug cocktails:
- did not work for the Americans
- did not work for Britains
- did not work for Germans
- did not work for Italians
- did not work for Kazahks
- did not work for Australians
- did not work for New Zealanders
- did not work for Japanese
- did not work for Russians
- etc.
If EPO could produce the extra-ordinary improvements for every endurance athlete of all races, genders, and sports, then it looks like the elite nationals representing some 85-90% of the global male population showed remarkable restraint, something unprecedented in any sport involving human nature, at a time when East Africans and North Africans started writing new chapters of track history, and later road history.
The fact that we have to borrow anecdotes from the women (known to respond to steroids and male hormones), cycling, and race-walking, only serves to re-inforce that anecdotes from elite running are scarce -- this is for good reason.
Mr. Obvious wrote:I would urge you to doubt your doubts.
You can continue to nit-pick every piece of evidence. However every piece of evidence that we have points in the exact same direction.
If the only evidence that you are prepared to accept (and it appears that it is) is a double-blind placebo controlled trial which is preceeded by a 12 year block of training (a standard that no physiology study has ever met or is ever likely to meet) then you will continue to be correct that no study will ever eliminate your doubts.
Those doubts are entirely self-imposed. EPO works on every population in which is has been studied. It works across sports. It works across genders. It works in people who are born at altitude. It works across events (even technical events). It works in people who are good enough to set national records. It works in people who are good enough to set indoor records. It works in people who are good enough to win world and Olympic championships. It works in people who have run the fastest times ever in their event.
You will of course point to many confounding factors in any or all of these events. However it is clear that all of the evidence we have is that EPO works. It is up to you to provide evidence that it does not work.