Thank you for this thoughtful post, seriously. I have numbered your points so that I can reply.
1. Agreed, 100%. The concern over animal rights makes total sense in the secular viewpoint. As I replied to another poster, the thinking atheist must admit that AT BEST his moral conclusion is "yes, it's all a cosmic joke, but at least I won't be a jerk while I'm here." That can extend to animals if one is feeling generous.
2. Agreed, 100% that the "separation" of man only makes sense from non-atheist viewpoint.
3. I'd say the first sentence is a reach--IF one believes in a god and his word (I'm not saying I do) then his word is final. Where did he get his rules? He made the rules!
3a. "Ultimate values"--there are no ultimate values.
4. I disagree that the concept of"rights" are LESS absurd than the concept of "god". To paraphrase you, there is also no scientific evidence that right exist, so trying to argue over them is clearly absurd.
4a. "our basic values of compassion"--again, you keep coming back to "ultimate values " and "basic values." These don't exist. This is what I mean when I say atheists don't fully consider their own position. You can't have a cold, heartless,meaningless universe AND basic values--pick ONE.
5. Psychopathy--haha I agree that I am able to be especially dispassionate, but I find it's an advantage when thinking about things logically. It helps me avoid being an atheist while ALSO looking for "any ultimate moral ground we can begin from." There is no ultimate moral ground to be found.
6. With respect, you must recognize the irony of telling someone they haven't read enough philosophy, and then trot out the VIRULENT MISOGYNIST Schopenhauer, on a thread about women's issues no less! Haha!
Your boy Arthur:
"In the West, the woman, that is to say the “lady,” finds herself in a fausse position; for woman, rightly named by the ancients sexus sequior, is by no means fit to be the object of our honour and veneration, or to hold her head higher than man and to have the same rights as he. The consequences of this fausse position are sufficiently clear. Accordingly, it would be a very desirable thing if this Number Two of the human race in Europe were assigned her natural position, and the lady-grievance got rid of, which is not only ridiculed by the whole of Asia, but would have been equally ridiculed by Greece and Rome. The result of this would be that the condition of our social, civil, and political affairs would be incalculably improved. The Salic law would be unnecessary; it would be a superfluous truism. The European lady, strictly speaking, is a creature who should not exist at all; but there ought to be housekeepers, and young girls who hope to become such; and they should be brought up not to be arrogant, but to be domesticated and submissive. It is exactly because there are ladies in Europe that women of a lower standing, that is to say, the greater majority of the sex, are much more unhappy than they are in the East."
-OR-
"In our part of the world, where monogamy is in force, to marry means to halve one’s rights and to double one’s duties. When the laws granted woman the same rights as man, they should also have given her a masculine power of reason. On the contrary, just as the privileges and honours which the laws decree to women surpass what Nature has meted out to them, so is there a proportional decrease in the number of women who really share these privileges; therefore the remainder are deprived of their natural rights in so far as the others have been given more than Nature accords."