Hey guys, thanks for taking the time to read my post. Some awesome discussion!
To answer a few questions that came up:
I just hit 30 years old, but my training age is relatively low given that I was never involved in structured training before graduating college, so I figure I have some decent life in me yet as a competitive athlete.
One of the better deals for power meters right now IMO is Stages power meters. I got mine for $400 and that's about as cheap as it gets at the moment for power. I've had all kinds of power meters and Stages is just as good as anything else IMHO.
Aerodynamics vs power: It totally depends on the race. The thing is, it's a lot easier to make aerodynamic gains than power gains, so the focus of the athlete should be on power. This comes with the caveat of time trialing, which is a specific form of bike racing that demands special equipment and training. A regular competitive cyclist that doesn't participate in stage races (multi-day races with a General Classification) will never need to train for time trialing if they just want to road race. I had worked pretty hard to improve my time trialing position and it's a balancing act between power output and getting into the most pretzel-like position possible. For normal road racing, aerodynamics are kind of a thing but generally you're in the peloton unless you're a breakaway guy, and I've been wrecked by dudes that are not as low as me but their FTP is +50 watts.
Power to weight: I'm a little guy. 130 pounds. My power to weight is pretty dang good. Guess what? Doesn't matter too much. In the upper levels of the sport, everybody puts out reasonably good power to weight and there are guys that are just massive power houses, such that even if my power to weight is better, their raw power will win. Even on a climb. Unless the gradient is > 8% you're going to have a hard time beating people that can do 400w for 20 minutes. Also, the vast majority of races in the US don't have summit finishes, so there's even less chance for climbers to shine. I literally had to travel to Vermont (from California) to participate in a stage race there that had a big climb at the end in order to get a result based on my climbing ability.
Typical training week:
In season:
M: Off or 30 minutes on rollers easy (