Another Hoogkamer and colleagues study:
Methods: Fourteen trained female and sixteen trained male runners participated in this
study. Females performed a single visit with six 200 m trials at self-perceived 800 m
race pace in three different spike conditions (Control, PEBA and PEBA+Plate) twice in
a mirrored order, and three 800 m trials at 4.44 m/s in each spike condition. Males
completed four visits. During the first three visits they performed six 200 m trials at
self-perceived 800 m race pace in each spike condition. Subsequently, they performed a
3,000 m time trial in one of the three spike conditions. During visit four, participants
completed six 4-minute running economy trials at 5 m/s, twice in each condition.
Results: The main effect for spike condition was significant for speed at 800 m pace
(p<0.001) in females and males, for speed during the 3,000 m time trial (p=0.013) in
males and for running economy at 5 m/s, (p<0.001) in males.
Conclusion: At 800 m race pace females ran faster in PEBA (2.1%) and PEBA+Plate
(2.0%) compared to Control. Males ran faster in PEBA (1.2%) and PEBA+Plate (2.8%)
compared to Control and in PEBA+Plate than in PEBA (1.5%). Similarly, males ran the
3,000 m time trial faster in PEBA (1.0%) and PEBA+Plate (2.4%) than in Control.
Running economy at 5 m/s was better in PEBA (5.1%) and PEBA+Plate (4.0%) than in
Control.
Spike characteristics
A traditional spike model with an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) midsole, without a
carbon fiber plate served as our control condition (“Control”, Puma evoSPEED Mid
Distance). This was compared against an AFT spike model with modern foam
(“PEBA”, Puma evoSPEED Long Distance Nitro Elite+) and against an AFT spike
model with modern foam and a curved carbon fiber plate (“PEBA+Plate”, Puma
evoSPEED Distance Nitro Elite+) (Figure 1). All spikes had standardized 6 mm spike
pins for traction. The average mass was 158g for the control and 151g and 149g for the
PEBA and PEBA+Plate conditions, respectively, for EU42 (Table 1). Participants were
able to see the spikes, but they could not manipulate the spikes and were not aware of
any differences in spike properties.
Table 1. Characteristics of experimental spike conditions
Characteristics
Control
Stiff plate Control PEBA PEBA+Plate
Stiff plate no no full length
Midsole foam EVA PEBA PEBA
Mass (g) 158 151 149
Midsole thickness (mm) 12 20 18
Maximal deformation (mm) 5.8 9.9 9.2
Overall stiffness (N/mm) 344.2 201.8 217.2
Energy returned (%) 67.2 77.1 78.2