1. Automation will eliminate so many jobs, this is unavoidable. The economy/world will NOT adjust "like it always has," because nearly every job will be done by a machine, and machines will be improving things, including themselves.
2. How to divide this is easy: Look at an individual's base income over a given span, and that's it. Adjust for inflation, which is more than what reality has done, so there's a win. If someone in Iowa wants to then move to California, they won't have enough money to do it. No issues there (Iowans moving to CA).
3. The efficiency of machines, together with elimination of wages, will fund this alone. If a company would rather pocket the profits from eliminating employee wages, then collectively nobody buy their goods/services, and they go bye-bye.
4. Any shortfall from this system (there wouldn't be any) could be funded the same way major banks create money from nowhere to keep themselves afloat.
You all can b*tch about this forever, but you would have disputed cars, electricity, vaccines, the industrial revolution, the internet, the WWW, smart phones, electric cars, autonomous vehicles. It's going to happen whether you think it is, or not.