Their swim federation had a 14 year old girl, Daria S. Ustinova (not to be confused with Daria K. Ustinova, who has actually swam in some of the same meets as Daria S.) have a positive drug test last year. Unlike most of the Russian swimmers, who typically have the book thrown at them with a positive in-country test, she was given a probationary sentence because her family & coach were willing to name names.
FINA rules say that if you have four positive drug tests in the same discipline at international meets in one year, your federation is considered to be in non-compliance and faces a two year 'death penalty' from international competition. Right now, Russia is at two confirmed violations, one pending, and a whole bunch of prayers at St. Basil's that they don't have a positive reported back from the recent Youth Olympics/European Seniors/ European Juniors/World Cup because their swimming program would therefore be banned rom competing in not only Rio but next year's World Championships, which they are currently scheduled to host in Kazan.
It would be kind of hilarious if they did get an SMU-style ban in at least one sport here.