to be completely honest, a hunter never fires before he's Identified his target. While this kid may have said he thought she was a bear and fired, he obviously never identified his target, nor should have been in the situation, where he was armed without a parent or other adult present to oversee what he was doing. This is a very difficult case, because children should not be hunting in the first place for a number of very obvious reasons without supervision because of exactly this reason.
While to say nothing should happen is quite wrong, the child's parents should be charged with manslaughter and serve 1-5 years in prison at the very least.
Now, we can also assume that the child may have known full well it was not a bear but a woman and fired anyway. If that was the case, the kid needs some kind of psyc evaluation. He shouldn't be allowed to hold another gun in his life if thats the case.
Depending if I was investigating the case, if the kid had a lot of background and had some experience, I'd be worried about his state of mind (colorado is the home of Columbine) if the kid didn't have a lot of background in hunting, say this was his first year etc, then I'd be looking at manslaughter charges against his parent or gaurdian.
For nothing to happen because of this however, is completely wrong. There is nothing wrong with owning and using guns. There is something VERY wrong with being unable to tell the difference in this instance and being irresponsible with firearms. In my opinion, irresponsibility with firearms is the greatest danger in rural areas. For those who can't respect them, they have no right to owning them. There is a big difference. Just remember a vast majority of gun-use in this country is responsible.