The IAAF tilted the T-data with their bogus limits, while 2014 data had an average mean of 48 IAAF (track & field) of 4.2, and 2019 Russian study had 11% of athletes above the 2.7 maximal reference value for females. Not to mention no-one has done study on African women T-values.
But IAAF chose to use dodgy concepts that "normal" was much smaller (0.08-1.68). Even their own data didn't add up in their commissioned paper, claiming 0.67 as a "mean" when all but 2 of the 21 events exceeded it. Actual accounting lists it at above 1. Also the IAAF procedure is not clearly resting serum, as the other studies, that get female average mean of 2.1 back in 2002 already.
Between November 1, 2002, and February 28, 2003, we found for 2057 women a mean (median) testosterone of 2.1 (1.6) nmol/L by AutoDelfia, similar to the values of 1.7 (1.4) nmol/L for 2180 different female samples assayed consecutively in our routine using the Orion Diagnostica RIA between November 1, 2001, and February 28, 2002