There have been many studies to determine why East Africans (EA) dominate middle distance and distance running. Here are some of the factors I remember.
Torso to leg length ratio: Generally, EAs have shorter torsos relative to leg length
Slight build: EAs tend to be skinny to the point of being almost anorexic WITHOUT losing strength or healthy. As we saw with Mary Cain, attempts to get to these extreme lower weights can be counterproductive for Westerners.
Low lower leg weight. We know that even a 1 oz difference in shoe weight makes a difference in running performance. EAs generally have less calf muscle. I was shocked to see this firsthand when I did a warm-up jog behind some Kenyans who came into town to cherry-pick our local marathon. The guy was my height, but his calf muscle was about the size of half a tennis ball tucked up just under the knee. The rest of his leg was bone covered by skin.
There have been other studies dealing with tendons in the lower leg, but I don't recall enough to explain it here. Suffice to say that it also gave EAs an advantage.