Cross country was a part of the Olympic program from 1912 to 1924, that included both individual and team medals. Four of Paavo Nurmi's 9 Olympic gold medals were from his two Olympic cross country races. The United States, in fact, holds an Olympic medal in cross country.
Cross country was pulled from the Olympic lineup because of the disasterous Paris race. 38 runners started in one of the hottest afternoons in Parisian history, and of those only fifteen finished. The course was especially difficult, and was run close to an energy plant belching out poisonous fumes. When Nurmi entered the stadium he was so fresh and untroubled no one had any idea that so many runners were in awful condition. For several hourse, the Red Cross was searching the course for fallen runners.
This was two days after Nurmi had won the 1500m and 5000m on the same afternoon. The next day, Nurmi led his team to gold int eh 3000m team race (his seventh race in six days).
1912 Stockholm 12,000m
1. Johan Kolehmainen FIN 45:11.6
2. Hjalmar Andersson SWE 45:44.8
3. John Eke SWE 46:37.8
1920 Antwerp 8,000m
1. Paavo Nurmi FIN 27:15.0
2. Erik Backman SWE 27:17.6
3. Heikki Liimatainen FIN 27:37.4
1924 Paris 10,000m
1. Paavo Nurmi FIN 32:54.8
2. Vilho "Ville" Ritola FIN 34:19.4
3. Earl Johnson USA 35:21.0