Ok, I'll bite...
It's been a long time, but the first few years out of college I averaged over 50 races/year. This was a combination of running, cycling, triathlons, XC skiing. I would say it was about 20-25 running races, 10-15 triathlons, 5-7 bike races and 5-10 XC ski races. To answer the OP's questions first; I had a solidly structured weekly plan that changed with the seasons. The bulk of the year, late March through early December, I did a track workout on Weds, brick workout (bike/run combo) on either Mon or Fri depending on if I was racing Sat or Sun (Sat race = brick on Mon, Sun race = brick on Fri). Most of my basic running mileage was at tempo pace. In hindsight I probably trained too hard day in day out. I usually trained with runners, cyclists and skiers who were better than I was so just to hang on with them I had to train pretty hard.
A typical training week in the good weather:
--Mon: 1:45 brick workout (bike 1:00-1:15 run 0:30-0:45)
--Tues: am swim 0:45, pm bike 1:30-2:00 including 0:30 TT
--Weds: pm run 1:10-1:20 including 3-5 miles track intervals
--Thurs: am swim 0:45, pm bike 2:00+ or run 1:00
--Fri: run 0:50-1:00 or bike 1:15-1:30
--Sat: race, or bike 3:00+ or run 1:15-1:30 and/or swim 1:00
--Sun: same as Sat
Totals were around 8000m swimming, 150-225 biking, 45-55 running. Spring and fall to get ready for marathons (and due to more limited daylight hours) I'd cut the biking down to 1 or 2 rides/week and bump the running up to low 60's. A lot of weeks I'd do back to back 13's, like Tues/Weds, at a pretty high pace. Winter I'd split pretty evenly between running, cycling indoors on the trainer, or swimming, maybe get out once/week to ski after work and once on the weekend. I was doing this schedule off an 8-5 office job.
I was never very talented, but I do believe through hard work and staying healthy I got about as much out of my limited talent as I could have.
I never held back in races, was too competitive to do that. A lot of times I blew up and just survived to finish, but I can't remember ever going into a race thinking I was just going to go 90%. At times we did 2 races in a day, or a triathlon on both Sat and Sun, but even then I don't remember (and my finish times bear this out) going easier in one of those races.
There wasn't anything ego driven about racing so much, I wasn't good enough to bring much home in the way of awards. A lot of it was my old XC coach raced a lot so it rubbed off on me. He'd call and say he was going to a race somewhere did I want to come along and I'd say why not. Plus racing was fun, it was a good bunch of guys around here. Plus I was getting better; I didn't start running competitively until JR year of college so I didn't have this deep pool of pr's from high school to compare to. Plus a lot of it was I liked seeing different places so why not schedule a race there and then you're committed to traveling.
After about 5 years out of college I got more selective but still raced 20-25 times/year. I cut out the cycling and XC ski racing. Also cut back on my cycling training miles around that time. Then I got into golf and got obsessive about that for about 5 years but that's another story...