Aghast wrote:
Telomeres don't have anything to do with longevity or cancer. Mice have been made which lack telomeres and they are normal.
Aghast...please tell me you are joking. First off...mice have never been made without telomeres...they have been made to lack the enzyme telomerase, but never telomeres. Second, the first-fifth or so generations of these mice had no ill effects, but once the telomeres became so short after subsequent generations, the mice had accelerated aging and inviable phenotypes. This is due to it taking time to whittle away at the ends of chromosomes. What the research shows is that telomerase isn't upregulated in cells of exercising individuals (which could actually be a cancer promoting activity), but the proteins that protect the ends of the chromosomes are upregulated, giving the telomeres extra protection. This prevents a crisis action on the cells once the ends become too short, which then inhibits the senescence phenotype. Senescence is the essence of aging, as these cells can no longer divide and perform their normal jobs and also help promote a nice tumor environment.
What would be interesting to study would be the effects of long distance running and the viability of reproduction for both men and women as they age into their late 30's/early to late 40's. Are germ cells more healthy due to years of running and protected through a hormesis effect of upregulating protective proteins and free radical scavenging enzymes, or are germ cells damaged due to the oxidative damage?