op cannot comprehend a world in which things are complicated, human error exists and tests are imperfect. well this is the world you live in...as one who does genetics research i can tell you that no test is perfect and for every test there are ALWAYS false positives. though rare, even highly sensitive AIDS tests can give false positives (about 1/10000), as a friend of mine found out. the epo test is not even close to the level of specificity of AIDS testing. a B sample exists for the purposes of verification. it is a little naive to say that a B test would be used if it were too old. i am not saying he was or wasn't on epo, but we must realize that always and forever there will be false positives AND false negatives, but these will be isolated and almost never happen to the same athlete twice, given sheer odds.