The UC's were free until Reagan changed that model. They were also the best university system in the country by far until the cuts started coming. UC Berkeley still has the best overall graduate programs in the country. If you're a conservative, you should love that the UC system has not been able to consider race for the past 25 years plus. At Cal, they are ranking you within the area of the intended major and they used to form an index score from core course GPA from 10th grade through half of 12th grade, plus the SAT and I think three of the subject tests. I got into UC Berkeley in comp sci/electrical engineering back before the race-related admissions went away, because this formula really suited my strengths, though I went elsewhere to get further away from home. The OP's case would have to look not at GPA and SAT in overall classes but within the selected major. For engineering that would be really high. A 4.2 GPA is a weighted gpa on a higher scale and so is essentially meaningless. I hear of kids with 5.3 GPAs, 6.2, 4.8, all sorts of nonsense. Unweighted GPA is much more meaningful, but even then you're comparing apples to oranges, kids at different quality high schools taking different levels of classes. Unweighted GPA has been inflated so much over the years that it is far less meaningful as a way of differentiating between students. Still, GPA correlates far more closely with college grades than SATs. Both are susceptible to parental influence and tutoring advantages. In either case, you're making a prediction about the student and whether you are filling up the various spots in different departments and programs at your college or university. Those predictions are highly fallible. I have seen this in graduate admissions. The grades are about the same. The test scores vary a lot. But it is the internal qualities that make the difference among those who have some writing ability, the work ethic, the originality, the perseverance, the toughness.