Capillary density increases with age. I will have a higher capillary density than a much younger runner
Mitochondrial density increases with volume and intensity of training to cope with increased oxidative stress, but V02 max is unchanged.
How would increasing muscle mass increase absolute VO2max? ... which leads to my point about Bioenergetics, utilizing ATP produces heat which has to be dissipated and therefore we are limited by thermoregulation, a point which nearly always gets overloked in these training discussions.
Velocity at VO2max is what you and your athletes are aiming to improve. Improving absolute V02 max is a red herring.
Running is a biomechanical skill is it not? Why are there these endless debates about training ignoring fundamental physiological issues of neural skills and repeating the same dogma about "improving V02 max"?
Look at the powerful strides that the best runners have. They haven't improved their oxygen delivery with all that training, because that concept is counter to cell homeostasis. They have enhanced elastic energy return, such that they can produce more speed and more speed endurance for the same ATP output.
This is all basic physiology. Why is it so hard to grasp?
Why do the vast majority of athletes, coaches and exercise physiologists not understand the difference between Biomechanics and Bioenergetics? Why is training not recognized as Bimechanical skills development?