IAAF argued (and ASA/Semenya) that the "normal" female T-level is like 0.06 to 1.68 nMol/L It is not clear what sample population they used to define "normal". But new research on 599 elite Russian athletes and 298 female Russian controls says otherwise.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) T levels of athletes and controls were 1.65 (0.87) and 1.76 (0.6) nmol/L ,respectively with range 0.08-5.8 nmol/L in athletes and 0.38-2.83 nmol/L in controls. There were 11.6% female athletes and 7.4%
female controls with a T level exceeding 2.7 nmol/L, the upper limit of the normal reference range.
Note that the "2.83" is likely just a guesstimate, as once you are above normal reference range, the methods of determination can differ I guess.
Even their mean (1.76) is HIGHER than the claimed IAAF maximal normal!
It was also common ground that (a) the normal female range of serum testosterone, produced mainly in the ovaries and adrenal glands, is 0.06 to 1.68 nmol/L;
Everyone knows that the IAAF commissioned study was criticized, but why did ASA/Semenya admit this as common ground?
Is testosterone responsible for athletic success in female athletes?
Ildus I. Ahmetov, Thomas R. Roos, Albina A. Stepanova, Elnara M. Biktagirova, Ekaterina A. Semenova, Irina S. Shchuplova, Larisa V. Bets
https://doi.org/10.1101/557348