I will approach this from the other side as someone who has coached the more recreational runner.
I would say my training program overall is not that unique from what people can find online and in books. What I bring is individualize it by doing regular field tests or races and adjusting the training accordingly. They should progress and run the hard workouts at faster paces. I do my best to dial those in.
Another part is adjusting the training plan to their real life. The plans you buy or get for free off the internet seem to assume that no one will ever miss a day or want to do other things. For instance here in CO people like to do trail runs or hike the incline with friends (or just on their own). People go skiing. That program out of a book does not tell the person how to adjust for those activities. Or when the person gets sick or has to go on a last minute work trip.
I also hold people accountable. I had one woman (80% of my individual clients have been women, in large groups it is also pretty high) tell me that she tried following plans but that without having to answer to someone or know that someone was watching she would skip runs and then not do well. So just knowing that I would be checking helped her stay on task.
Figuring out how to keep the training from being a grind or boring.
Knowing when the runner may need extra rest.
I work with race strategy and also tips especially for the newbies. They seem basic to those of us who have been doing this for decades, but I challenge you to take up a new activity just to remember what it is like to be new.
This is might be just me, but I am an amateur psychologist and counselor at times. (I really should have charged some people A LOT more).