At the $10,000 total prize money level it's incredibly hard to get elites/semi-elites, in my opinion. Of course that sort of depends on what you classify as elite. I'm assuming you're talking men with sub 2:20 credentials, women sub 2:40.
We have a local race which pays out a total of $8700 (6 to 1 ratio open to masters money), not counting the $1000 paid for a course record, $200 for a masters record, and $150 for a wheelchair win. So I guess if all the course records were broken in a given year they'd be on the hook for $11,400. This race pays 6 deep in open divisions and 3 deep in masters, and does allow doubling up.
This race has an experienced invited runners coordinator who is well connected in national running circles, yet it still struggles with depth of field. Seems like they either get a good mens field or a good womens field, but not both in the same year. This year only 2 men broke 2:30 (5 under 2:40), 2 women were under 2:45 (6 under 3:00). 2:40:39 cashed in the mens race and 2:58:46 cashed in the womens race.
This race has been around almost 15 years and has only seen 3 sub 2:20 performances (1 woman under 2:40). It's not a severe course either, with only 2 hills of note.
Weldon took home $1300 for the "W" back in 1999 :-)
I think your best first year strategy within your stated budget is to go after the top local runners, or good runners who used to live in your area. Often it's factors other than the prize money that encourage good runners to enter your race. You may be able to offer substantial bonuses for OT qualifying times and get that portion of the prize money guaranteed through insurance. If you've got a quality event then you'll have a race that lasts and you can set up a prize structure for course records and OT qualifying times in the future.