To respond to your first question, my opinion is that this is not necessarily true for some athletes. It depends on how the runner has trained, how the race was run (tactics, pace distribution, quality of field, etc), and what the respective runners' strengths/weaknesses are.
But this is just my view. There are many research findings that hold the view that you've just posted.
To respond to yr next question, I believe the sessions you've listed are just part of the picture. Yes having solid aerobic strength allows the runner to better buffer against acidosis in the latter stages of an 800m race, such that she/he slows down less than a less aerobically-trained competitor.
But if said runner lacks the required leg speed, physical strength, and nervous ability to change gears, then that aerobic strength may not necessarily help, but may even hurt by slowing down the athlete's overall time as well as basic speed.
All of this, for me, is circumstantial. If someone is too much speed trained, then a fair dose of aerobic strength/stamina/power work will impact either/both overall pacing or/and final kick. If someone lacks good 200/400m speed in the first place, more aerobic work will kill her/him off the event. Also its wise to consider what type of 800m runner she/he may be (sprinter or distance or versatile types). Thus, its the training and physiological histories of the runner that need to be taken into consideration.
Definitely, as you would have read in the sub 1:50 min 800m training thread, aerobic strength work is a crucial part of the overall training framework. Its just how much/often and when and who to apply this to that determines the impact on last 200m capability.
Other types of what I would term "multiple-effect" sessions like 'broken 800s' repeats and short reps at race pace with very short rests also come into play to help a runner hold form, buffer acidosis, and feel comfortable enough to even speed up or decelerate less late in the race when others are fading. Specific sessions where pace changes are executed within a medium/long rep can effect better gear change ability by simulating a race scenario.
All this added in to a good foundation of pure speed/power and solid and appropriate aerobic training will solicit a better response in the final 200m, I believe. Just know how this pans out for each individual, which is the toughest part, in my opinion.