Anecdotally, I've had patients describe feeling energized after a B12 shot.
The true symptoms of B12 deficiency (loss of sensation, megaloblastic anemia etc) don't usually occur until levels are very low (like <100)
I generally target B12 levels > 350. Once the levels drop below 300, we see increases in serum homocysteine and methymalonic acid (which rely on B12 as a cofactor for conversion). High MMA and HCY levels are strongly associated with Alzheimer's Disease (caveat, B12 supplementation has never been shown to treat or prevent dementia).
Oral supplementation works just as well as injection as long as you have a functioning terminal ileum.
As people get older, they naturally lose the ability to cleave B12 from animal protein. Other issues (e.g. bacterial overgrowth, PPI use) may make the issue worse. So even with a normal diet, you can have low levels.
I usually start with patients taking 1000mcg daily and then decrease to 250 once their levels are in a good spot, only reaching for injections if their levels don't come up (or if they were critically low to start)