My experience is that a week or less does nothing bad (especially if you've been training hard in which case the rest could be good). Beyond that your fitness starts to decline. Crosstraining can reduce the detraining effect, particularly if it mimics running. I advocate water running if possible. I tore a calf muscle a few years back and spent three weeks in the pool. After about three more weeks of transition back to land running I popped an 8k road PR. Intense and long pool workouts can keep you in very good shape. I simply transferred my workouts to the pool, still doing a long run and tempo or intervals each week.
How do you know if the crosstraining is making a bad situation worse? Well, if you get out of the pool and for the next hour or more your injury feels worse than if you did something else, the xt should probably be altered or curtailed. My personal experience is that once the initial trauma subsides, doing nothing is NOT the best prescription (but remember to take it easy, no heroics).