Caveat, I didn't read several of the last pages here, so apologies if any of this is redundant.
Badwater's website does a reasonably good job of letting you download large sets of results and splits data from previous races in various pace, time of day and other formats.
More caveats - the race used to start in the morning and the lead runners would finish as the sun was rising. As of the last few years because of the parks service wussyness, the race has to start in the evening to get their permits...presumably for safety so the runners are out of the lowest part of the valleys by the heat of the day. That means the leaders are finishing as the sun goes down and in the dark (presumably cooler temperatures). I believe that's also part of the rub from reports on the course due to darkness over the last few hours.
I downloaded a bunch of split data to cover the last 5 years results. As some have pointed out, some runners have taken 4, 6, 8, and even 10+ hour breaks in years past. Including their splits over the ensuing checkpoints after long breaks like that is not a fair way to compare data. So I looked at only the top 10 finishers over the last 5 years.
I looked at the last two sections - Line Pine to Portal Road (9 miles, miles 122 -131), and Portal Road to the Finish (4 miles, miles 131 - 135). Note that the total of these 2 sections are the final 13 miles of a 135 mile race with an elevation gain somewhere around 4,500 feet. The last 4 miles in particular averages something like a 10% gradient.
Top 10 finishers last 5 years, LP to PR 9 mile section: Avg Pace: 17.6 min/mile
Top 10 finishers last 5 years, PR to Finish 4 mile section: Avg Pace: 17.7 min/mile
The single fastest split across the entire data set was Ashley Paulson in both instances, 12.6 min/mile and 13.5 min/mile respectively. Meaning the elite of the elite top 10 finishers across the last several years were nearly 50% slower than she was at this point of the race.
These top finishers are folks like Harvey Lewis and Pam Smith - folks who have 13-14 hour 100 miler speed. Folks who have decades long resumes of ultramarathon experience and now how to finish races, Badwater included.
Ashley Paulson is an elite runner from everything I can see. Elite speed and great long distance strength and endurance. I don't find the data to be impossible, just an extreme outlier. But records are set with outlier numbers. My struggle is that these numbers are outliers within outliers. Not only did she best the worlds best by a significant margin, she did it with low heart rate (assuming the data is reasonably accurate) going up a mountain and was hardly breathing at the end from what I see on the video.
But, if she didn't have a checkered past, I'd probably not think twice about the result. Just like when people like Camille Heron break 13 hours in a 100 mile run or run 165 miles in 24 hours. I guess that's the burden and curse she will live with because of her past. Looking forward to the next marathoninvestigation article as I hope he is able to get more details from people who were at the race that reported suspicious behavior. Hopefully none of this bears out and the result is legitimate. And if so, hopefully she'll try and view all this internet chatter as a badge of honor and keep showing up, trying to be transparent, and doing big things. I'm not worried about what will happen if the result is proven tainted, because the internet is the trash can of the world - it will get taken care of. :)