I remember one of the old-timers (from 40s or 50s) in Ken Burns' Baseball documentary (maybe PeeWee Reese?) saying if you were on first, and the batter hit into a double play, you HAD to take out the second baseman (or shortstop) for the force at second--take him down with a hard slide, or you couldn't come back to the dugout. The rest of the team was expecting you to do your part and take him out of the DP, or you couldn't show your face in the dugout. It's just the way it was.
Catchers also block the plate and force a collision in MLB. If the catcher does that in the softball leagues I've been in, it's interference. If the catcher blocks, it's interference and the runner is safe, if the runner collides with the catcher, it's interference and the runner is out. Not in MLB.
Brushing back batters is part of the game. Hitting a batter in the head is not acceptable in MLB. It's a brushback, not a beanball. Beanballs are quite rare.
The Giants Juan Marichal took a bat to Dodgers cather John Roseborough in like 1965.
As for the tripping comparison of track to baseball, a similar analogy would be "finishing your check" in hockey, which is accepted and not a penalty. If you did that in football it's a penalty for "roughing the passer."
Two different sports. In one it's a penalty and in the other it's not.