1: His First Amendment rights were not violated. He is
still allowed to say what he wants and to practice his religion in a manner meaningful
to him. The government is not stopping him from doing so, and he is not being
arrested. The First Amendment, however, doesn't relieve you from the
consequences of said speech.
2: The NBA and the Chicago Bulls are both private institutions, and
also have rights. They can choose to employ or, in this case, not employ, whoever
they want for whatever reason they want. This includes not being tall enough,
or fast enough, or athletic enough, but also includes being a team player and a
positive contributor to the locker room community.
3: Jaden is represented, presumably, by the NBPA. I have yet to see a
statement by them, but he is certainly allowed to file a complaint through them
if he feels he was wrongfully terminated. That being said, he is still owed the
full $10.1 million under his contract.