"What is the most effective way to run doubles?"
there is no such thing as "the most effective way..." there is only whatever way works for you.
when I did this, I ran a fairly short distance to work in the morning (3 - 5 miles) and ran a much longer route to get home in the late afternoon (8 - 14). depending on the day I broke up the afternoon session into progressives or a tempo or an easy start with a race pace finish or whatever was required for the day. If I was working on Sunday I did my long run late in the evening and took a rest day on Monday.
Mike Gratton was a geography teacher and he did his the other way round; a longish run to work in the morning and a shorter, sharper, session in the evening. Ian Thompson also ran the long bit in the morning and did track work or other "up-tempo" sessions in the evenings. experiment with stuff and figure out what works for you.
the one thing I will say is that you should start easy and not expect to get results quickly. it takes time to adapt and you should give yourself 2 - 3 weeks (at least) to settle into a routine before pushing the length or pace.
good luck.