With Nike's sub2 shoes causing a bit of a stir, I was thinking about the physics of this (I'm well qualified to do this, as my degree is in history ;-) )
In my completely amateurish understanding, newtonian physics and conservation of energy stuff says that actions have equal and opposite reactions etc. In effect, in the absence of stored potential energy, you get out what you put in.
So how does the Nike shoe work then? OK, it's a stored spring if there is a carbon spring in the shoe plate, so when the athlete deforms the spring, it rebounds. I get that bit. But surely the next stride where he deforms the spring again costs energy which he then reclaims when he gets sprung forward.
If he's putting the energy into the spring in the first place every stride, surely he's not getting any more out at the other end?
That sort of makes sense to me, but then if I imagine someone with full on springs on their feet, I can imagine them springing their way faster than a human could ordinarily run. So how are they getting more out than they put in, or are they just increasing efficiency? And in "normal" running, where is that efficiency being lost - are runners putting energy into the ground (through noise, small amounts of heat etc etc) which isn't recovered? I'm confused...