The temp might explain it. Up to a certain point I'm faster the colder it is. My body just doesn't handle heat as well. Another explanation could be mental: Indoor tracks are boring places to run, and it's easier to run well if you're enjoying yourself. Other explanations: dry air, sharp turns, you might not be going as fast as you think you are on the roads.
I would say that if you enjoy running outside more, then do that. I have to race indoors, but do as much training as possible outdoors. There's a Lydiard quote about how enjoyment is key to the success of athletes.
Core sure won't hurt, and it could spell improved form and less injury risk as a consequence of the more stable torso core strength will give you.