Former competitive runner wrote: I think a lot of it has to do with sweating - some people sweat a lot more than others and they tend to race much better in the heat.
As a runner who massively sweats but cannot race well in heat, I think the physiology is more complicated than mere sweat glands.
Some runners seem to perform at their PB in heat. Most fall well short. Thus in the famously hot Boston Marathon of 1976 (over 100 degrees), Jack Fultz ran around his PB of 2:20+ and won against a field, including Jack Foster and Amby Burfoot, that drastically underperformed. The next year in ordinary temperatures, he again ran around 2:20 (actually a few seconds slower) and came in 12th.
I think some runners are genetically adapted to the heat. Kenyans in general seem to have no special advantage in the heat, but Sammy Wanjiru ran close to his PB in the heat of Beijing and won in 2:06.
Heat radically separates the running world into two groups: the heat adaptive and the heat sinks.
GG