Thought this was interesting . . . found it in some multimedia encylopedia.
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The distance was chosen to duplicate that of a run by a Greek soldier from the town of Marathon to Athens in 490 BC to bring the news of a Greek victory over the Persians. The Marathon-Athens distance is actually less than 40 km (25 mi); the modern distance was established in 1908 at the London Olympics and represents the distance from the royal castle at Windsor to the Olympic stadium.
Marathon (village), village of ancient Greece, on the east coast of Attica, northeast of Athens. It stood in a plain hemmed in by mountains, marsh, and sea. The plain of marathon is renowned as the scene of a great battle
fought between the Athenians and the Persians in 490 BC. The battle resulted in the defeat of the invading Persian army of Darius the Great by the Athenians under the leadership of their general, Miltiades. This victory saved Athens and inspired the Greeks with the determination that enabled
them to rout the Persians completely ten years later. The mound raised at Marathon over the dead Athenians is still visible. The name marathon, now applied to long-distance foot races, commemorates the legendary feat of the
Athenian who carried the news of victory from the field to Athens.