well you've started the same thread twice, so i'll repost my post...
Interesting read
http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1987568,00.html?hpt=Mid
Quoting the part of the Time article on this:
"The genes in which some of the changes occurred play a role in cognitive and physical development — such as cranial features, skin pigmentation and how we metabolize energy. The study's authors don't yet know what the specific changes signify, but in living people, mutations in some of the genes related to cognitive development contribute to conditions such Down syndrome, schizophrenia and autism."
Thanks, Neanderthals for mental disorders and Down's syndrome! jk
Also interesting is that the researchers found that genetic flow only came from Neanderthals to modern humans. Not sure how they figure out which direction it goes. But if true, does that suggest that only neanderthal men were mating with only human women? Is that due to rape? Or is that the ancient equivalent to "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"?
And to the poster above who said Neanderthals were faster than humans - everything I've seen would suggest not so. Stronger yes, but faster no. Apparently neanderthals did not have a true calcaneous or achilles tendon. Nor did they possess a true Nuchal ligament. These are all found on species specially adapted for running, whether at high speed or for long distances. The great apes do not have calcanei shaped like ours nor do they have Achilles tendons. Gorillas and chimps can show a burst of speed for a few dozen meters, but they're not running like we do.