The nature of the “soul” has been one of my favorite thought topics on long runs. Quite a while ago I came to the conclusion that the common concept of a soul is nonsense.
What a “soul” is may be different to each person. I’ll offer up a few general properties of my conception of what a soul is supposed to (as I was taught):
a) The “soul” is immaterial
b) It is impervious to death
c) It will be a continuation of our conscious life after death.
d) The soul will be the recipient of rewards or punishments after death.
e) The soul is in essence, the core a person (but immaterial).
Our mind (and brain) is the source of our memories, emotions and reason. The manifestation of these (thoughts, actions, decisions) is driven solely by the brain. Quite a bit of evidence of this fact has been demonstrated and no evidence has been found to contradict it.
A few simple observations bring up some knotty issues with the above concepts of the soul:
• Drugs can alter perceptions and memories.
• A bump on the head (physical change to brain tissue) can alter moral behavior.
• Anesthesia causes loss of consciousness by reducing the neural activity in the brain. Having been under it’s effects several times, I think anesthesia is basically a temporary death of the mind. For the time you are under, time and thought do not exist.
If the essence of a person is a “soul”, then consciousness could exist beyond even the complete destruction of the brain after death. If a brain can be thoroughly influenced by drugs or knocks on the skull, what evidence is there to conclude that total annihilation results in some kind of consciousness after death?
Where is the function of the soul during our lifetime?
A) If it’s in control the ship and is immaterial (it can withstand death), why is it so easily affected by bumps on the head? Why doesn’t the “soul” prevent people from changing into mental infants due to Alzheimer’s disease?
B) Maybe the soul simply steps aside during our normal life then “takes over” once we die? If so, then why does it get rewarded (or punished) for the actions/thoughts of the physical brain during life?
I think is would be very weak to conclude that we just “don’t know” the answer. In this case the evidence is clear that our mind is driven solely by our grey matter. The rational that a “soul” reaps rewards / punishments in an afterlife only makes sense if it were in control of our thoughts, actions and desires rather than a physical brain. Would it be just to punish or reward one agent for the deeds of another?
If anyone had any compelling arguments for the existence of a soul, please share.