It is standard in Spanish (and, I'm assuming, Portuguese) speaking countries for people to have two surnames - their mother's and their father's. The father's comes first and is considered the "primary" surname, i.e. if they had to fill out a government form asking for only one "last name" it would be that one. It gets even more complicated for women when they get married and choose to add their husband's name to the mix, but I won't go into that.
People listing Gomes's surname as dos Santos are incorrect, but the mistake is very understandable as the American naming system places the true surname last.
So, he won't just "pick one name...and just go with it" because his language and culture don't work that way.