I love talking about Indian T&F. Such an interesting topic.
There are 3 factors holding back this nation of 1 billion people from being a consistent powerhouse in the sport:
1. Poverty. Something like 25% of the country sustained a household income just above the poverty line in 2020, and with 15% of the country living in poverty in 2023.
2. Infrastructure. Shoes, tracks, and all the other equipment required aren't as commonplace. The specialized equipment especially is sometimes hard to come by.
3. Culture. Much like many other Asian nations, India values academics over everything else - unlike many western nations, where academics are obviously valued but sometimes passed over in favor of athletics at the high school or equivalent level.
India has a ton of potential, probably more so than other countries. I expect to see the first sub 10 100 within the next decade.
Middle distance runner should start showing up more in international competitions in the next 5 years. Based on current results, India likely has a genetic predisposition towards middle distance events (and field events lol).
Indian women especially will become a force to be reckoned with very, very soon. There is a staggering amount of depth right now, just no outliers - i'm honestly not sure why they didn't send a women's 4x400 or a mixed relay this year.
Additionally, many Indian runners will likely be popped for drugs over the next decade or so as they improve.