Hey HHW,
Did my college running out on the tundra in Minnesota where we would do a lot of our winter training in sub-zero temps (coldest I remember going out in was -20 not factoring in windchill - colder than that and our coach kept us on the indoor track).
I don't have a formal conversion for you but here are a couple of observations from what I remember of my experience:
1) Even if you didn't feel particularly cold while running (and for the most part you shouldn't if you gear up right), I did feel like I ended up burning more fuel.
2) Everything generally felt slower and it was hard to do more demanding high-end stuff. The legs were just not as responsive (and standing rest is not super appealing.) So, while it's not that big a deal to get out and put in miles, it would be hard to do an actual workout. Tempo-ish stuff and sometimes hills were the fastest things I remember doing outside.
3) Conveniently, covering your face makes a big difference, at least psychologically.
4) How cold you actually feel has a lot to do with humidity. Minnesota is very dry in the winter, so that helped.
5) I did find that I would adapt pretty quickly, in that single digits would feel normal, the teens would feel warm, and twenties would be walking-around-in-shorts weather.
Hope this is helpful!