I think some readers aren't even understanding the main claim here: that running on a treadmill (let's assume for the sake of argument that it's a "perfect treadmill" whose motor is not affected by your impact) is EXACTLY the same biomechanically as running on regular ground. The only difference is the lack of air movement. There is no slight difference due to the belt movement while your foot is planted, or anything like that. Those phenomena simply don't exist.
Think of a planet like Earth except with the entire surface covered by a substance that resembles treadmill belt. Engineers of the future have built a special covering that covers many square miles of the surface and is able to slide around the planet very smoothly. This covering is decorated with trees, buildings, roads, etc, so that it looks much like a suburban area on Earth. You are taken there for a run. The engineers cut out a twenty-foot long hole in their special cover, plonk you down on it, and tell you it's a treadmill. It looks like a treadmill, because the regular planet surface looks exactly like treadmill belt, so you believe them. They leave you there and tell you can press the button and start the treadmill will in exactly 60 seconds. You stand in the middle of it waiting.
Unbeknownst to you, the engineers have actually rigged their special surface covering to move along with you whenever you run. So you are actually standing on the true surface of the planet, and will be running along on it covering actual miles, but the covering will move along with you so that you will feel as if you are stationary. If you program the treadmill to go 9 miles per hour, what actually happens is that the covering moves along with you at 9 miles per hour, and if you slow it down to 6 mph, the covering slows down, etc. Basically, you are on a sort of negative or opposite of a treadmill.
What would you observe? Well, it would seem exactly like you were running on a treadmill. Whenever you ran, your surroundings would be stationary in relation to you - just like on a treadmill. If you stood still for a second but didn't adjust the controls to slow down the "treadmill", you would feel yourself sliding towards the back of the treadmill (which would actually mean the covering was coming to meet you - but you wouldn't be able to tell the difference). Luckily you get going again just in time, and get back to the middle of what you think is a treadmill belt.
What I'm getting at is, if this contraption was built just right, you would not be able to distinguish your experience from running on a treadmill. In fact, it would be better than a regular treadmill in the sense that you would actually have normal air movement since you were actually moving forward through the air. But other than that, no difference. But of course, the whole time you actually were running along the regular old planet surface, with normal running biomechanics - just like you do on a treadmill.