JonO. wrote:
Wasn't Epstein's Black sprinter superiority concept based on the work of Yiannis Pitsiladis who points out that they (some of West African heritage) have a very small number of so called white fast twitch fibers, a genetic rarity giving a speed advantage?
I don't have Epstein's book in front of me. I read it while I waited for someone at a B&N about five years ago.
Muscle twitch test analysis is an unproven theory. Athletes are tested, usually between ages of 17 to 32. We do not test infants. Infants do not have muscle biopsies. Some say sprinters who are afraid to log miles because they do not want to turn fast muscle to slow muscle are delusional. I believe sprint athletes who say jogging makes them slow. We do not know if how one lives one's life determines muscle twitch results or influences results of muscle biopsy tests while one is in their late teens or twenties. If you are going to try to narrow things down to a particular western African tribe, one has to name the gene. Do all males with direct origins to this one tribe sprint sub-9.90 100 metres? Of course not!
Look at which events US men have won most gold track medals since 1896: 1) 400 metres, 2) 400 metres hurdles, 3) 110 metres hurdles, 4) 200 metres & 5) 100 metres. These results are irrespective of race or ethnic origin. Men in the five stated events were a bit taller than average. US men, I am sure since 1896 trained in the most modern method.
For everyone looking for biological or physiological reasons to demonstrate why groups of athletes do well, you will find more solid answers looking at relevant history or social factors. As I stated in a round about manner in my previous post on this thread: instead of trying to figure out why so many Kenyan men are racing sub-1:44 800 metres, we should be asking why are so few USA men racing sub-1:44 800 metres, irrespective of race, or ethnicity.