People think about this with their head in the sand.
Use common sense combined with basic adaptation.
1. The long run increases endurance SO in the long run you can increase the distance of your daily runs.
Example:
day 1: 10 miles
day 2: 6 miles
day 3: 10 miles
day 4: 6 miles
day 5: 14 miles
day 6: 8 miles
day 7: 11 miles
day 8: 8 miles
day 9: 11 miles
day 10: 8 miles
day 11: 16 miles
That's a little simplified but you get the picture? So, as a method of increasing endurance (endurance in running = time on your feet) your long run shouldn't be more than 15-30 minutes longer than your average run. If you have no needed for increased endurance then you really do not need a long run. During times of increased intensity for 5k-10k training you really do not need a long run.
2. The long run is used in marathon training to increase fat burning during the marathon at marathon pace
If you take a look at the Ironman Triathlon winners (this is straight from Noake's book) it is a metabolic impossibility UNLESS those elite triathletes have greatly increased their ability to use fat a fuel at higher intensities. IE: becoming more fuel effecient.
Now, another theory here is that you can do the same thing with moderately long runs at marathon pace. If you look at the training of Grete Waitz she never did anything longer than 90 minutes, but she came into the marathon with great short distance PRs so she may have been able to come in the back door so to speak. Speaking metaphorically, if Runner A has a top ability of 100 and can run at 50% of that ability during a marathon then that runner runs at ability level 50. If Runner B has a top ability of 70 but can run at 70% of that ability during the marathon then Runner B runs at ability level 49, getting beat by Runner A who has less effeciency. Anyway, you get the picture. You need long runs over the course of your career in order to burn fuel efficiently, but I don't see how you need a 20+ mile long run each and every week.
Alan