It seems like everyone is missing the biggest element, and that is interest in running at a young age.
We have access to all the tools we need to become the greatest runners in the world, and have the knowledge to build the best programs to produce the greatest athletes but the one thing Africans have over Americans is running at such a young age.
We need more young kids interested in running!
1. I first want to say that I don't condone training young kids. That will only burn them out and they will not have the drive to become great.
2. We need to instill a sense of purpose for running, a reason for them to get out the door and just run. This can come from many places. It could be just as a means of transport. Tell them if they want to see their friends they can run to their house. No bikes or driving. Also, it comes from aspiring to greater athletes. We need good quality role models. Elite runners doing community work and helping young kids get interested in running. It works for the NFL.
3. Raising awareness and interest in kids, thus having them begin running earlier, does two things: They get their lifetime base mileage started earlier, allowing them to maximize their potential when they're older. It also broadens the field of talent. Many kids may have talent but never realize it because they never get into running. The most talented runner who ever lived could be sitting at home right now eating potato chips and watching TV, having never run.
4. So here is how it breaks down:
more interest = more kids running younger = larger talent field + greater potential for success = more competition among American runners = fastest runners in the world (this loop is continuous)
Those are my not-too-well formulated thoughts, anyway. It's all about involvment in the kids. A simple example is large high schools with a lot of success usually continue to have a lot of success simply because they have more kids to choose from, the running tradition is instilled in all, and there is a lot of competition to be on varsity.