rekrunner wrote:
High-Octane Dopers wrote:
Realize rekrunner there's a lot of O2-vector doping going on in endurance sports.
I don't doubt that.
High-Octane Dopers wrote:
I imagine we don't know the half of it, and probably never will.
Completely agree.
And through the history of elite distance running & T&F, there's been a lot of blood doping going on, and still going on, that would indicate how efficacious it is for this continual high prevalence to exist. Athletes & coaches are not going to waste their money, time & effort over 3 + decades on a PED or method that isn't an effective performance enhancer. This is called the common sense doctrine.
Also, don't forget what top researcher, and one of my mentors, Prof Christer Malm, has stated:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4902314/"The discovery of erythropoietin (EPO) simplified blood doping in sports, but improved detection methods, for EPO has forced cheating athletes to return to blood transfusion. Autologous blood transfusion with cryopreserved red blood cells (RBCs) is the method of choice, because no valid method exists to accurately detect such event. In endurance sports, it can be estimated that elite athletes improve performance by up to 3% with blood doping, regardless of method."
"Initially, blood transfusion was used to enhance military aviation pilots’ work capacity to fly at high altitude during WWII, when pressurized cockpits were not used [21]. Later, submaximal [22] and maximal [23] running performance was shown to improve with blood transfusion. The discovery of erythropoietin (EPO) [24] simplified blood doping in sports, supplementing blood donation, storage and re-infusion. Similar performance enhancements of 6–12% could now be achieved by a simple recombinant human (rh) EPO injection [25–27]. In a review on blood doping published in 1989, Jones and Tunstall [28] describe increases in performance and VO2max ranging between 0% and 40%, depending on the subjects included and methods used for both testing and doping. From the summarized literature, it can be estimated that elite athletes may improve performance by up to 3% with blood doping, regardless of method [29–31]. This enhancement is equivalent to, for example, seven minutes faster winning time in the 90 km cross country ski race Vasaloppet, 20–30 seconds faster time in any given 5000 m run at world class level, and four minutes faster finishing time in a marathon race. In cycling, a 3% increase in performance translate to a more than two hour faster winning time in Tour de France 2014."