rjm33 wrote:
Good point. You can't say the 2012 value was ok because I said so. My opinion is always worthless. You can't pick and choose. Here is my opinion anyway, with some other findings.
The Feb 7,2012 value was just an isolated blood test out of competition in Monte Carlo, but Paula can always be at altitude no matter where she is because she can use an altitude tent anywhere. Her OFF score was 109.35, with a Hb of 16.2 and reticulocyte score of 0.77%. The reticulocyte score is within normal range of 0.5 to 1.5%. With EPO use you would see high reticulocytes of over 1.5% or even over 2%, from all the new RBCs being produced. She also had a negative EPO urine test at the time.
There are no other blood tests before or after to compare it to, so we can't look for other rapid changes between tests that could indicate blood transfusion, and she wouldn't be doing a blood transfusion in the off season out of competition anyway. If anything, she would be withdrawing blood for storage to use before an important competition. The removal of blood would give a low Hb score for a while after removal, which we do not see here.
Her 16.2 Hb is very high and is suspicious, which is why the OFF score is high also. In reading, I found out some information on Hb levels from data derived from clean altitude-trained cross country skiers over a period of six years. Normal range for Hb is 12.0 to 15.0 for females and 13.0 to 16.0g/dl for males. With altitude training, Hb increases are usually 3 to 5%, with an extreme outlier increasing 10%, with Hb increases taking from 3 to 8 WEEKS of altitude training to achieve, not 1 or 2 days.
They found that in VERY RARE instances, a few females that were altitude trained achieved Hb levels of 15.8 to 16.0. Paula's was 16.2, once again a VERY RARE AND UNUSUAL RESULT for Paula. It is suspicious. Is it a plausible explanation that this value COULD be achieved by a clean altitude-trained female athlete who is an outlier? In my opinion, yes, it is possible. I would not sanction someone for an isolated Hb score of 16.2 with a negative EPO urine test. However, it is still a suspicious blood test result.
Males can get up to about 17.2 Hb levels with altitude training. EPO was banned by the International Skiing Federation in 1988, and by the IOC in 1990, so they were very aware of EPO. The ski federation set up cutoffs similar to the 50% hematocrit used in cycling to either stop athletes from competing and/or nullify results, but they used hemoglobin scores instead, with cutoffs of 16.5g/dl for females and a very generous 18.5g/dl for males.
I don't know if these cutoffs are still in use.
With EPO use you can see the more extreme "grotesque" and dangerous Hemoglobin values of 17 to 19g/dl in women and 18 to 20+g/dl in men.
Altitude training does not explain the 2003 or 2005 results, which could indicate blood transfusions. Altitude training might explain the low reticulocyte scores, but altitude training should also give high hemoglobin scores(like 16.2!), not a prerace OFF score of 82 with a hemoglobin level of an anemic 12.0 which goes to 15.6 in 2 days in 2003, or a prerace OFF score of 92(with an implied normal Hb level of about 13 to 14, we do not have this actual Hb value, I am making a guesstimate!) to a postrace OFF score of 109.87 with a Hb of 15.1 in 1 day in 2005 after just a 10K.
Sorry, the prerace scores show no hemoglobin response to altitude training, and altitude training does not work in 1 or 2 days. The rapid and large magnitude blood hemoglobin changes in 2003 and 2005 are most plausibly explained by autologous blood transfusions, not altitude training and/or dehydration.
Isn't it strange that Paula RESPONDED REALLY WELL to altitude in 2012 with an above normal high hemoglobin level of 16.2, but DID NOT RESPOND to altitude at all in 2003 or 2005, with low normal prerace hemoglobin levels at both races?
Someone who responds to altitude should always respond to altitude, not sometimes respond really well and other times not at all...
That is strange of Paula's blood to act that way, isn't it? One day her hemoglobin level is 12 or 13, and 1 or 2 days later it is an above normal 15.6 or 15.1, or she might have a level of 16.2 on another day. This is from someone that stated in her biography that her blood results NEVER VARIED VERY MUCH AT ALL, EVEN FROM ALTITUDE TRAINING!.....That statement in her biography turns out to be absolutely false....
Go Paula!!!! Go 3 time winner of the London marathon!!!!! Go Operation Puerto and "Dr. Blood" Fuentes!!!!............