Well, first and foremost, I recommend getting a mix, if you're going to get one. Purebreds tend to be (not always, I know) high strung and require a lot of maintenance. Furthermore, you can usually adopt a really nice mix from local shelters or one of the services posters have mentioned above. Adopted dogs are often very loving and sweet, and are sometimes (surprisingly) even already trained.
From what it sounds like, a Samoyed mix would be a good fit for what you're describing. They are very loving but independent dogs who love to hang out in the snow. Just bring them in if it's storming and don't let them hang out in the cold TOO long, as some Samoyeds can get tender paws from that. Samoyeds enjoy being outside and while they do like running around, they are usually content to amuse themselves within a smaller amount of space if you walk them properly and frequently enough. The only real concern is if you are some place where it is too hot. Samoyeds have thick coats to protect them from the cold and do not do well for long periods of time in the heat. Make sure to have plenty of water available for the dog outside, whatever breed you choose...
That being said, I agree with what most others have said. I don't think you get a dog period. Dogs should be well loved and you cannot simply decide when you do and do not want to take care of them. You don't sound mature, responsible, or dedicated enough to own a dog.