Motive and opportunity. That is the whole story.
Look at any big-box gym. Plenty of lifters use TRT, steroids, or SARMs for nothing more than looks. No scholarships. No prize money. If that happens with zero upside, why would college athletes with scholarships, roster spots, NIL, and pro doors stay immune?
The expected value is simple. If you think you cannot contend clean, the best-case outcome of using is a career jump, the worst case is a ban. Some will take that bet, especially considering how infrequent testing is and how quickly some PEDs clear the system.
This does not mean everyone is dirty. It means incentives are strong, opportunities are real, and human nature is consistent. Gym culture shows there is demand even without stakes. Add stakes, expect more, not less.
If you want less doping, change the math. Make testing feel certain, raise the real cost of a positive, and build credible clean paths to the same rewards.