When nothing happened within a few weeks of the victim making a public statement, I personally filed a report with the US Center for SafeSport, just to make sure they were aware. I was able to see that it got merged with an existing case, so a report had been filed before then. Francique continued to be USATF three-step compliant during that time, which was incredibly frustrating.
Third parties can file reports with SafeSport, but if there are no criminal charges, it can be very hard to actually move forward with a case unless there is a cooperating victim. When there is a cooperating victim, it usually takes time. Sadly, the five or so months this took is better than many similar cases the Center has taken.
For example, gymnastics coach Al Fong has had credible allegations of abuse for decades. His wikipedia page has a section for athlete deaths. He was featured heavily in a book about abuse in gymnastics that was published in the 1990s. The abuse continued in the decades that followed and numerous gymnasts filed reports with the US Center for SafeSport. The investigation took SIX YEARS. He just received a five year ban in January.
From a criminal standpoint, as far as we know all of the victims are legally adults, so a 10 year statute of limitations in Texas would likely apply. The victim who went public reported that this happened in 2012.
For a criminal case (unlike SafeSport) the question of being able to prove whether or not it was consensual plays a big role, if there are any claims that fall within the statute of limitations.
Everything in your post is accurate, it's just much harder than most people realize on both the criminal and the SafeSport side to get action to actually happen.