ajd2run wrote:
Biking - you need some type of facilities or at least some very good roads.
Swimming - you NEED good facilities period. one can get good at swimming by using a lake, but it is not the same as doing laps in a climate controlled pool.
the above are expensive sports...
running - all you need is a descent road or better yet some really good trails. Some hilly terrain and a large flat field where timed intervals can be done. finding a hill for repeats should not be hard. making a 440 yard dirt track is easy too. the kenyans, ethiopians and the tanzanians have done it and were doing it in the 60's and 70's before facilities were probably built in their homeland.
also, now both ethiopia and kenya have some great facilities spread throughout their countries...
furhtermore, training for long distance events in running costs next too nothing (shoes and clothing, but that can be found at a low cost). also, trails and hills are there by nature and it does cost much to make a 2 or 3 lane dirt 440 yard track.
that is my piece on this issue... some of the immature and ignorant posters on this board will probably criticize me, but i know there will be some that will agree (those who have REAL knowledge of distance running/training)...
Mountain biking would be a good alternative in Africa. No roads needed. The equipment is prohibitive, but a lot of South and Central American countries produce good cyclists. There is a cultural issue as well--in the sense of how prominent the sport is in the culture.
Pools are very, very expensive to maintain. Building them ain't cheap either. Swimming is also a technique dependent sport. Being "sloppy" in the water just does not cut it; running performance is less affected by poor form than it is is swimming.
All that said, if a country wants to develop a sport, it can become better at the sport. Maybe never world dominant, but at least competitive given some time. Look at basketball around the world.