a second plus can be made up pretty easily in the 400m with better pacing, better starting acceleration, and better measured deceleration. Most people not focused on the event in high school get a lot of it wrong early on, especially with it not common to be getting accurate splits in a random high school 400m race. A second difference can easily be made up by getting the splits right (look at Sydney in her first couple DL meets this year). Additionally, being instructed to not go 100% in the first 200m for many distance runners also equates to not accelerating as fast as one could at the beginning, which is a mistake. The runner should be getting to 400m as quick as they can. Time is lost there. They also typically do not train on sprinting form, which can be critical in reducing deceleration in the last 50m. All combined and I'd think its not uncommon for 800/1500 runners to be easily running a second plus slower than they are capable of in the open 400.